Some of the more common goniometers are shown in figure 6.4. Electric goniometers are also available but are usually reserved for research they are more expensive and impractical for clinical use. Compare the measures found during the examination with previous measures or compare the left and right sides. Tape measures can also be used to identify lumbar range of motion if an inclinometer is not available (figure 6.3). Goniometers similar to a carpenter level are called gravity-dependent goniometers, or inclinometers, and are used most often to measure motion in the spine (figure 6.2). Use the long-armed goniometers to measure long bone joints such as the knee, and the short-arm goniometers to measure smaller joints such as the toe and finger interphalangeal joints. Goniometer arms range in length from 1 in. The scale can be either a 360° full-circle or a 180° half-circle. The scale is usually similar to a protractor and calibrated in degrees. There are many different types of goniometers on the market, but each has essentially the same structure: two arms (one stationary and one moveable) and an axis (fulcrum) that is surrounded by the body of the goniometer, which contains a measuring scale. The tool you will use to measure joints is a goniometer. Goniometry is the measurement of joint angles. Examination of Physiologic Range of Motion This is an excerpt from Examination of Musculoskeletal Injuries 4th Edition With Web Resource by Sandra Shultz,Peggy Houglum & David Perrin.
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